Fix: cmd_snapshot_record can return unexpected error codes

cmd_snapshot_record() does not correctly handle the various error
reporting conventions used by the functions it uses. In certain cases,
invalid error codes (not part of enum lttng_error_code) can bubble up
to the command handler which results in erroneous error messages being
reported by the client.

This change harmonizes the error handling and changes a number of
functions used to explicitly return 'enum lttng_error_code' instead
of 'int'.

Signed-off-by: Jérémie Galarneau <jeremie.galarneau@efficios.com>