Fix shadow channel struct callback override in consumer
[lttng-ust.git] / liblttng-ust-ctl / ustctl.c
1 /*
2 * Copyright (C) 2011 - Julien Desfossez <julien.desfossez@polymtl.ca>
3 * Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
4 *
5 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
6 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
7 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; only version 2
8 * of the License.
9 *
10 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
11 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
12 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
13 * GNU General Public License for more details.
14 *
15 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
16 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
17 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
18 */
19
20 #include <string.h>
21 #include <lttng/ust-ctl.h>
22 #include <lttng/ust-abi.h>
23 #include <lttng/usterr-signal-safe.h>
24 #include <lttng/ust-comm.h>
25 #include <lttng/ust-events.h>
26 #include <sys/mman.h>
27
28 #include "../libringbuffer/backend.h"
29 #include "../libringbuffer/frontend.h"
30
31 volatile enum ust_loglevel ust_loglevel;
32
33 static
34 void init_object(struct lttng_ust_object_data *data)
35 {
36 data->handle = -1;
37 data->shm_fd = -1;
38 data->wait_fd = -1;
39 data->memory_map_size = 0;
40 }
41
42 void ustctl_release_object(int sock, struct lttng_ust_object_data *data)
43 {
44 struct ustcomm_ust_msg lum;
45 struct ustcomm_ust_reply lur;
46 int ret;
47
48 if (data->shm_fd >= 0)
49 close(data->shm_fd);
50 if (data->wait_fd >= 0)
51 close(data->wait_fd);
52 memset(&lum, 0, sizeof(lum));
53 lum.handle = data->handle;
54 lum.cmd = LTTNG_UST_RELEASE;
55 ret = ustcomm_send_app_cmd(sock, &lum, &lur);
56 assert(!ret);
57 free(data);
58 }
59
60 /*
61 * Send registration done packet to the application.
62 */
63 int ustctl_register_done(int sock)
64 {
65 struct ustcomm_ust_msg lum;
66 struct ustcomm_ust_reply lur;
67 int ret;
68
69 DBG("Sending register done command to %d", sock);
70 memset(&lum, 0, sizeof(lum));
71 lum.handle = LTTNG_UST_ROOT_HANDLE;
72 lum.cmd = LTTNG_UST_REGISTER_DONE;
73 ret = ustcomm_send_app_cmd(sock, &lum, &lur);
74 if (ret)
75 return ret;
76 if (lur.ret_code != USTCOMM_OK) {
77 DBG("Return code: %s", ustcomm_get_readable_code(lur.ret_code));
78 goto error;
79 }
80 return 0;
81
82 error:
83 return -1;
84 }
85
86 /*
87 * returns session handle.
88 */
89 int ustctl_create_session(int sock)
90 {
91 struct ustcomm_ust_msg lum;
92 struct ustcomm_ust_reply lur;
93 int ret, session_handle;
94
95 /* Create session */
96 memset(&lum, 0, sizeof(lum));
97 lum.handle = LTTNG_UST_ROOT_HANDLE;
98 lum.cmd = LTTNG_UST_SESSION;
99 ret = ustcomm_send_app_cmd(sock, &lum, &lur);
100 if (ret)
101 return ret;
102 session_handle = lur.ret_val;
103 DBG("received session handle %u", session_handle);
104 return session_handle;
105 }
106
107 /* open the metadata global channel */
108 int ustctl_open_metadata(int sock, int session_handle,
109 struct lttng_ust_channel_attr *chops,
110 struct lttng_ust_object_data **_metadata_data)
111 {
112 struct ustcomm_ust_msg lum;
113 struct ustcomm_ust_reply lur;
114 struct lttng_ust_object_data *metadata_data;
115 int ret;
116
117 metadata_data = malloc(sizeof(*metadata_data));
118 if (!metadata_data)
119 return -ENOMEM;
120 init_object(metadata_data);
121 /* Create metadata channel */
122 memset(&lum, 0, sizeof(lum));
123 lum.handle = session_handle;
124 lum.cmd = LTTNG_UST_METADATA;
125 lum.u.channel.overwrite = chops->overwrite;
126 lum.u.channel.subbuf_size = chops->subbuf_size;
127 lum.u.channel.num_subbuf = chops->num_subbuf;
128 lum.u.channel.switch_timer_interval = chops->switch_timer_interval;
129 lum.u.channel.read_timer_interval = chops->read_timer_interval;
130 lum.u.channel.output = chops->output;
131 ret = ustcomm_send_app_cmd(sock, &lum, &lur);
132 if (ret) {
133 free(metadata_data);
134 return ret;
135 }
136 if (lur.ret_code != USTCOMM_OK) {
137 free(metadata_data);
138 return lur.ret_code;
139 }
140 metadata_data->handle = lur.ret_val;
141 DBG("received metadata handle %u", metadata_data->handle);
142 metadata_data->memory_map_size = lur.u.channel.memory_map_size;
143 /* get shm fd */
144 ret = ustcomm_recv_fd(sock);
145 if (ret < 0)
146 goto error;
147 metadata_data->shm_fd = ret;
148 /* get wait fd */
149 ret = ustcomm_recv_fd(sock);
150 if (ret < 0)
151 goto error;
152 metadata_data->wait_fd = ret;
153 *_metadata_data = metadata_data;
154 return 0;
155
156 error:
157 ustctl_release_object(sock, metadata_data);
158 return -EINVAL;
159 }
160
161 int ustctl_create_channel(int sock, int session_handle,
162 struct lttng_ust_channel_attr *chops,
163 struct lttng_ust_object_data **_channel_data)
164 {
165 struct ustcomm_ust_msg lum;
166 struct ustcomm_ust_reply lur;
167 struct lttng_ust_object_data *channel_data;
168 int ret;
169
170 channel_data = malloc(sizeof(*channel_data));
171 if (!channel_data)
172 return -ENOMEM;
173 init_object(channel_data);
174 /* Create metadata channel */
175 memset(&lum, 0, sizeof(lum));
176 lum.handle = session_handle;
177 lum.cmd = LTTNG_UST_CHANNEL;
178 lum.u.channel.overwrite = chops->overwrite;
179 lum.u.channel.subbuf_size = chops->subbuf_size;
180 lum.u.channel.num_subbuf = chops->num_subbuf;
181 lum.u.channel.switch_timer_interval = chops->switch_timer_interval;
182 lum.u.channel.read_timer_interval = chops->read_timer_interval;
183 lum.u.channel.output = chops->output;
184 ret = ustcomm_send_app_cmd(sock, &lum, &lur);
185 if (ret) {
186 free(channel_data);
187 return ret;
188 }
189 if (lur.ret_code != USTCOMM_OK) {
190 free(channel_data);
191 return lur.ret_code;
192 }
193 channel_data->handle = lur.ret_val;
194 DBG("received channel handle %u", channel_data->handle);
195 channel_data->memory_map_size = lur.u.channel.memory_map_size;
196 /* get shm fd */
197 ret = ustcomm_recv_fd(sock);
198 if (ret < 0)
199 goto error;
200 channel_data->shm_fd = ret;
201 /* get wait fd */
202 ret = ustcomm_recv_fd(sock);
203 if (ret < 0)
204 goto error;
205 channel_data->wait_fd = ret;
206 *_channel_data = channel_data;
207 return 0;
208
209 error:
210 ustctl_release_object(sock, channel_data);
211 return -EINVAL;
212 }
213
214 /*
215 * Return -ENOENT if no more stream is available for creation.
216 * Return 0 on success.
217 * Return negative error value on error.
218 */
219 int ustctl_create_stream(int sock, struct lttng_ust_object_data *channel_data,
220 struct lttng_ust_object_data **_stream_data)
221 {
222 struct ustcomm_ust_msg lum;
223 struct ustcomm_ust_reply lur;
224 struct lttng_ust_object_data *stream_data;
225 int ret, fd;
226
227 stream_data = malloc(sizeof(*stream_data));
228 if (!stream_data)
229 return -ENOMEM;
230 init_object(stream_data);
231 memset(&lum, 0, sizeof(lum));
232 lum.handle = channel_data->handle;
233 lum.cmd = LTTNG_UST_STREAM;
234 ret = ustcomm_send_app_cmd(sock, &lum, &lur);
235 if (ret) {
236 free(stream_data);
237 return ret;
238 }
239 if (lur.ret_code != USTCOMM_OK) {
240 free(stream_data);
241 return lur.ret_code;
242 }
243
244 stream_data->handle = lur.ret_val;
245 DBG("received stream handle %u", stream_data->handle);
246 stream_data->memory_map_size = lur.u.stream.memory_map_size;
247 /* get shm fd */
248 fd = ustcomm_recv_fd(sock);
249 if (fd < 0)
250 goto error;
251 stream_data->shm_fd = fd;
252 /* get wait fd */
253 fd = ustcomm_recv_fd(sock);
254 if (fd < 0)
255 goto error;
256 stream_data->wait_fd = fd;
257 *_stream_data = stream_data;
258 return ret;
259
260 error:
261 ustctl_release_object(sock, stream_data);
262 return -EINVAL;
263 }
264
265 int ustctl_create_event(int sock, struct lttng_ust_event *ev,
266 struct lttng_ust_object_data *channel_data,
267 struct lttng_ust_object_data **_event_data)
268 {
269 struct ustcomm_ust_msg lum;
270 struct ustcomm_ust_reply lur;
271 struct lttng_ust_object_data *event_data;
272 int ret;
273
274 event_data = malloc(sizeof(*event_data));
275 if (!event_data)
276 return -ENOMEM;
277 init_object(event_data);
278 memset(&lum, 0, sizeof(lum));
279 lum.handle = channel_data->handle;
280 lum.cmd = LTTNG_UST_EVENT;
281 strncpy(lum.u.event.name, ev->name,
282 LTTNG_UST_SYM_NAME_LEN);
283 lum.u.event.instrumentation = ev->instrumentation;
284 ret = ustcomm_send_app_cmd(sock, &lum, &lur);
285 if (ret) {
286 free(event_data);
287 return ret;
288 }
289 event_data->handle = lur.ret_val;
290 DBG("received event handle %u", event_data->handle);
291 *_event_data = event_data;
292 return 0;
293 }
294
295 int ustctl_add_context(int sock, struct lttng_ust_context *ctx,
296 struct lttng_ust_object_data *obj_data,
297 struct lttng_ust_object_data **_context_data)
298 {
299 struct ustcomm_ust_msg lum;
300 struct ustcomm_ust_reply lur;
301 struct lttng_ust_object_data *context_data;
302 int ret;
303
304 context_data = malloc(sizeof(*context_data));
305 if (!context_data)
306 return -ENOMEM;
307 init_object(context_data);
308 memset(&lum, 0, sizeof(lum));
309 lum.handle = obj_data->handle;
310 lum.cmd = LTTNG_UST_CONTEXT;
311 lum.u.context.ctx = ctx->ctx;
312 ret = ustcomm_send_app_cmd(sock, &lum, &lur);
313 if (ret) {
314 free(context_data);
315 return ret;
316 }
317 context_data->handle = lur.ret_val;
318 DBG("received context handle %u", context_data->handle);
319 *_context_data = context_data;
320 return ret;
321 }
322
323 /* Enable event, channel and session ioctl */
324 int ustctl_enable(int sock, struct lttng_ust_object_data *object)
325 {
326 struct ustcomm_ust_msg lum;
327 struct ustcomm_ust_reply lur;
328 int ret;
329
330 memset(&lum, 0, sizeof(lum));
331 lum.handle = object->handle;
332 lum.cmd = LTTNG_UST_ENABLE;
333 ret = ustcomm_send_app_cmd(sock, &lum, &lur);
334 if (ret)
335 return ret;
336 DBG("enabled handle %u", object->handle);
337 return 0;
338 }
339
340 /* Disable event, channel and session ioctl */
341 int ustctl_disable(int sock, struct lttng_ust_object_data *object)
342 {
343 struct ustcomm_ust_msg lum;
344 struct ustcomm_ust_reply lur;
345 int ret;
346
347 memset(&lum, 0, sizeof(lum));
348 lum.handle = object->handle;
349 lum.cmd = LTTNG_UST_DISABLE;
350 ret = ustcomm_send_app_cmd(sock, &lum, &lur);
351 if (ret)
352 return ret;
353 DBG("disable handle %u", object->handle);
354 return 0;
355 }
356
357 int ustctl_start_session(int sock, int handle)
358 {
359 struct lttng_ust_object_data obj;
360
361 obj.handle = handle;
362 return ustctl_enable(sock, &obj);
363 }
364
365 int ustctl_stop_session(int sock, int handle)
366 {
367 struct lttng_ust_object_data obj;
368
369 obj.handle = handle;
370 return ustctl_disable(sock, &obj);
371 }
372
373
374 int ustctl_tracepoint_list(int sock)
375 {
376 return -ENOSYS; /* not implemented */
377 }
378
379 int ustctl_tracer_version(int sock, struct lttng_ust_tracer_version *v)
380 {
381 struct ustcomm_ust_msg lum;
382 struct ustcomm_ust_reply lur;
383 int ret;
384
385 memset(&lum, 0, sizeof(lum));
386 lum.handle = LTTNG_UST_ROOT_HANDLE;
387 lum.cmd = LTTNG_UST_TRACER_VERSION;
388 ret = ustcomm_send_app_cmd(sock, &lum, &lur);
389 if (ret)
390 return ret;
391 memcpy(v, &lur.u.version, sizeof(*v));
392 DBG("received tracer version");
393 return 0;
394 }
395
396 int ustctl_wait_quiescent(int sock)
397 {
398 struct ustcomm_ust_msg lum;
399 struct ustcomm_ust_reply lur;
400 int ret;
401
402 memset(&lum, 0, sizeof(lum));
403 lum.handle = LTTNG_UST_ROOT_HANDLE;
404 lum.cmd = LTTNG_UST_WAIT_QUIESCENT;
405 ret = ustcomm_send_app_cmd(sock, &lum, &lur);
406 if (ret)
407 return ret;
408 DBG("waited for quiescent state");
409 return 0;
410 }
411
412 int ustctl_calibrate(int sock, struct lttng_ust_calibrate *calibrate)
413 {
414 return -ENOSYS;
415 }
416
417 /* Buffer operations */
418
419 /* Map channel shm into process memory */
420 struct lttng_ust_shm_handle *ustctl_map_channel(struct lttng_ust_object_data *chan_data)
421 {
422 struct lttng_ust_shm_handle *handle;
423 struct channel *chan;
424 size_t chan_size;
425 struct lttng_ust_lib_ring_buffer_config *config;
426 int ret;
427
428 handle = channel_handle_create(chan_data->shm_fd,
429 chan_data->wait_fd,
430 chan_data->memory_map_size);
431 if (!handle) {
432 ERR("create handle error");
433 return NULL;
434 }
435 /*
436 * Set to -1 because the lttng_ust_shm_handle destruction will take care
437 * of closing shm_fd and wait_fd.
438 */
439 chan_data->shm_fd = -1;
440 chan_data->wait_fd = -1;
441
442 /*
443 * TODO: add consistency checks to be resilient if the
444 * application try to feed us with incoherent channel structure
445 * values.
446 */
447 chan = shmp(handle, handle->chan);
448 /* chan is object 0. This is hardcoded. */
449 chan_size = handle->table->objects[0].allocated_len;
450 handle->shadow_chan = malloc(chan_size);
451 if (!handle->shadow_chan) {
452 channel_destroy(chan, handle, 1);
453 return NULL;
454 }
455 memcpy(handle->shadow_chan, chan, chan_size);
456 /*
457 * The callback pointers in the producer are invalid in the
458 * consumer. We need to look them up here.
459 */
460 config = &handle->shadow_chan->backend.config;
461 switch (config->client_type) {
462 case LTTNG_CLIENT_METADATA:
463 memcpy(&config->cb, lttng_client_callbacks_metadata,
464 sizeof(config->cb));
465 break;
466 case LTTNG_CLIENT_DISCARD:
467 memcpy(&config->cb, lttng_client_callbacks_discard,
468 sizeof(config->cb));
469 break;
470 case LTTNG_CLIENT_OVERWRITE:
471 memcpy(&config->cb, lttng_client_callbacks_overwrite,
472 sizeof(config->cb));
473 break;
474 default:
475 ERR("Unknown client type %d", config->client_type);
476 channel_destroy(chan, handle, 1);
477 return NULL;
478 }
479 /* Replace the object table pointer. */
480 ret = munmap(handle->table->objects[0].memory_map,
481 handle->table->objects[0].memory_map_size);
482 if (ret) {
483 perror("munmap");
484 assert(0);
485 }
486 handle->table->objects[0].memory_map = (char *) handle->shadow_chan;
487 handle->table->objects[0].is_shadow = 1;
488 return handle;
489 }
490
491 /* Add stream to channel shm and map its shm into process memory */
492 int ustctl_add_stream(struct lttng_ust_shm_handle *handle,
493 struct lttng_ust_object_data *stream_data)
494 {
495 int ret;
496
497 if (!stream_data->handle)
498 return -ENOENT;
499 /* map stream */
500 ret = channel_handle_add_stream(handle,
501 stream_data->shm_fd,
502 stream_data->wait_fd,
503 stream_data->memory_map_size);
504 if (ret) {
505 ERR("add stream error\n");
506 return ret;
507 }
508 /*
509 * Set to -1 because the lttng_ust_shm_handle destruction will take care
510 * of closing shm_fd and wait_fd.
511 */
512 stream_data->shm_fd = -1;
513 stream_data->wait_fd = -1;
514 return 0;
515 }
516
517 void ustctl_unmap_channel(struct lttng_ust_shm_handle *handle)
518 {
519 struct channel *chan;
520
521 chan = shmp(handle, handle->chan);
522 channel_destroy(chan, handle, 1);
523 }
524
525 struct lttng_ust_lib_ring_buffer *ustctl_open_stream_read(struct lttng_ust_shm_handle *handle,
526 int cpu)
527 {
528 struct channel *chan = handle->shadow_chan;
529 int shm_fd, wait_fd;
530 uint64_t memory_map_size;
531 struct lttng_ust_lib_ring_buffer *buf;
532 int ret;
533
534 buf = channel_get_ring_buffer(&chan->backend.config,
535 chan, cpu, handle, &shm_fd, &wait_fd, &memory_map_size);
536 if (!buf)
537 return NULL;
538 ret = lib_ring_buffer_open_read(buf, handle, 1);
539 if (ret)
540 return NULL;
541 return buf;
542 }
543
544 void ustctl_close_stream_read(struct lttng_ust_shm_handle *handle,
545 struct lttng_ust_lib_ring_buffer *buf)
546 {
547 lib_ring_buffer_release_read(buf, handle, 1);
548 }
549
550 /* For mmap mode, readable without "get" operation */
551
552 void *ustctl_get_mmap_base(struct lttng_ust_shm_handle *handle,
553 struct lttng_ust_lib_ring_buffer *buf)
554 {
555 return shmp(handle, buf->backend.memory_map);
556 }
557
558 /* returns the length to mmap. */
559 int ustctl_get_mmap_len(struct lttng_ust_shm_handle *handle,
560 struct lttng_ust_lib_ring_buffer *buf,
561 unsigned long *len)
562 {
563 unsigned long mmap_buf_len;
564 struct channel *chan = handle->shadow_chan;
565
566 if (chan->backend.config.output != RING_BUFFER_MMAP)
567 return -EINVAL;
568 mmap_buf_len = chan->backend.buf_size;
569 if (chan->backend.extra_reader_sb)
570 mmap_buf_len += chan->backend.subbuf_size;
571 if (mmap_buf_len > INT_MAX)
572 return -EFBIG;
573 *len = mmap_buf_len;
574 return 0;
575 }
576
577 /* returns the maximum size for sub-buffers. */
578 int ustctl_get_max_subbuf_size(struct lttng_ust_shm_handle *handle,
579 struct lttng_ust_lib_ring_buffer *buf,
580 unsigned long *len)
581 {
582 struct channel *chan = handle->shadow_chan;
583
584 *len = chan->backend.subbuf_size;
585 return 0;
586 }
587
588 /*
589 * For mmap mode, operate on the current packet (between get/put or
590 * get_next/put_next).
591 */
592
593 /* returns the offset of the subbuffer belonging to the mmap reader. */
594 int ustctl_get_mmap_read_offset(struct lttng_ust_shm_handle *handle,
595 struct lttng_ust_lib_ring_buffer *buf, unsigned long *off)
596 {
597 struct channel *chan = handle->shadow_chan;
598 unsigned long sb_bindex;
599
600 if (chan->backend.config.output != RING_BUFFER_MMAP)
601 return -EINVAL;
602 sb_bindex = subbuffer_id_get_index(&chan->backend.config,
603 buf->backend.buf_rsb.id);
604 *off = shmp(handle, shmp_index(handle, buf->backend.array, sb_bindex)->shmp)->mmap_offset;
605 return 0;
606 }
607
608 /* returns the size of the current sub-buffer, without padding (for mmap). */
609 int ustctl_get_subbuf_size(struct lttng_ust_shm_handle *handle,
610 struct lttng_ust_lib_ring_buffer *buf, unsigned long *len)
611 {
612 struct channel *chan = handle->shadow_chan;
613
614 *len = lib_ring_buffer_get_read_data_size(&chan->backend.config, buf,
615 handle);
616 return 0;
617 }
618
619 /* returns the size of the current sub-buffer, without padding (for mmap). */
620 int ustctl_get_padded_subbuf_size(struct lttng_ust_shm_handle *handle,
621 struct lttng_ust_lib_ring_buffer *buf, unsigned long *len)
622 {
623 struct channel *chan = handle->shadow_chan;
624
625 *len = lib_ring_buffer_get_read_data_size(&chan->backend.config, buf,
626 handle);
627 *len = PAGE_ALIGN(*len);
628 return 0;
629 }
630
631 /* Get exclusive read access to the next sub-buffer that can be read. */
632 int ustctl_get_next_subbuf(struct lttng_ust_shm_handle *handle,
633 struct lttng_ust_lib_ring_buffer *buf)
634 {
635 return lib_ring_buffer_get_next_subbuf(buf, handle);
636 }
637
638
639 /* Release exclusive sub-buffer access, move consumer forward. */
640 int ustctl_put_next_subbuf(struct lttng_ust_shm_handle *handle,
641 struct lttng_ust_lib_ring_buffer *buf)
642 {
643 lib_ring_buffer_put_next_subbuf(buf, handle);
644 return 0;
645 }
646
647 /* snapshot */
648
649 /* Get a snapshot of the current ring buffer producer and consumer positions */
650 int ustctl_snapshot(struct lttng_ust_shm_handle *handle,
651 struct lttng_ust_lib_ring_buffer *buf)
652 {
653 return lib_ring_buffer_snapshot(buf, &buf->cons_snapshot,
654 &buf->prod_snapshot, handle);
655 }
656
657 /* Get the consumer position (iteration start) */
658 int ustctl_snapshot_get_consumed(struct lttng_ust_shm_handle *handle,
659 struct lttng_ust_lib_ring_buffer *buf, unsigned long *pos)
660 {
661 *pos = buf->cons_snapshot;
662 return 0;
663 }
664
665 /* Get the producer position (iteration end) */
666 int ustctl_snapshot_get_produced(struct lttng_ust_shm_handle *handle,
667 struct lttng_ust_lib_ring_buffer *buf, unsigned long *pos)
668 {
669 *pos = buf->prod_snapshot;
670 return 0;
671 }
672
673 /* Get exclusive read access to the specified sub-buffer position */
674 int ustctl_get_subbuf(struct lttng_ust_shm_handle *handle,
675 struct lttng_ust_lib_ring_buffer *buf, unsigned long *pos)
676 {
677 return lib_ring_buffer_get_subbuf(buf, *pos, handle);
678 }
679
680 /* Release exclusive sub-buffer access */
681 int ustctl_put_subbuf(struct lttng_ust_shm_handle *handle,
682 struct lttng_ust_lib_ring_buffer *buf)
683 {
684 lib_ring_buffer_put_subbuf(buf, handle);
685 return 0;
686 }
687
688 void ustctl_flush_buffer(struct lttng_ust_shm_handle *handle,
689 struct lttng_ust_lib_ring_buffer *buf,
690 int producer_active)
691 {
692 lib_ring_buffer_switch_slow(buf,
693 producer_active ? SWITCH_ACTIVE : SWITCH_FLUSH,
694 handle);
695 }
This page took 0.056293 seconds and 5 git commands to generate.