Fix: handle concurrent flush vs get_next_subbuf on metadata cache

The "flush" operation can be performed on the metadata file descriptor
concurrently with get_next_subbuffer operations by different processes
(e.g. lttng session daemon issuing flush at "stop" concurrently with
consumer daemon issuing get_next_subbuf for metadata I/O). We need
to protect the metadata cache from those concurrent use by introducing a
mutex.

This fixes a race where metadata from a kernel trace is corrupted due to
this scenario. The corruption shows up like the same metadata content (a
metadata packet) being written twice consecutively in the metadata
stream, thus triggering a babeltrace "parse error" when trying to read
the trace.

Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>