Move to kernel style SPDX license identifiers
[lttng-ust.git] / include / lttng / bitfield.h
index df8ab0b2b67a224bed60a9b86d866494a288f37f..e628af39ca9cdf7d4004769014d52768fb6810e2 100644 (file)
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2010-2019 Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
+ */
+
 #ifndef _BABELTRACE_BITFIELD_H
 #define _BABELTRACE_BITFIELD_H
 
+#include <stdint.h>    /* C99 5.2.4.2 Numerical limits */
+#include <limits.h>    /* C99 5.2.4.2 Numerical limits */
+#include <stdbool.h>   /* C99 7.16 bool type */
+#include <lttng/ust-endian.h>  /* Non-standard BIG_ENDIAN, LITTLE_ENDIAN, BYTE_ORDER */
+
+/*
+ * This header strictly follows the C99 standard, except for use of the
+ * compiler-specific __typeof__.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * This bitfield header requires the compiler representation of signed
+ * integers to be two's complement.
+ */
+#if (-1 != ~0)
+#error "bitfield.h requires the compiler representation of signed integers to be two's complement."
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * _bt_is_signed_type() willingly generates comparison of unsigned
+ * expression < 0, which is always false. Silence compiler warnings.
+ * GCC versions lower than 4.6.0 do not accept diagnostic pragma inside
+ * functions.
+ */
+#if defined (__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ * 10000 + __GNUC_MINOR__ * 100 + __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__) >= 40600
+# define _BT_DIAG_PUSH                 _Pragma("GCC diagnostic push")
+# define _BT_DIAG_POP                  _Pragma("GCC diagnostic pop")
+
+# define _BT_DIAG_STRINGIFY_1(x)       #x
+# define _BT_DIAG_STRINGIFY(x)         _BT_DIAG_STRINGIFY_1(x)
+
+# define _BT_DIAG_IGNORE(option)       \
+       _Pragma(_BT_DIAG_STRINGIFY(GCC diagnostic ignored option))
+# define _BT_DIAG_IGNORE_TYPE_LIMITS   _BT_DIAG_IGNORE("-Wtype-limits")
+#else
+# define _BT_DIAG_PUSH
+# define _BT_DIAG_POP
+# define _BT_DIAG_IGNORE
+# define _BT_DIAG_IGNORE_TYPE_LIMITS
+#endif
+
+#define _bt_is_signed_type(type)       ((type) -1 < (type) 0)
+
+/*
+ * Produce a build-time error if the condition `cond` is non-zero.
+ * Evaluates as a size_t expression.
+ */
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+#define _BT_BUILD_ASSERT(cond) ([]{static_assert((cond), "");}, 0)
+#else
+#define _BT_BUILD_ASSERT(cond)                                 \
+       sizeof(struct { int f:(2 * !!(cond) - 1); })
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Cast value `v` to an unsigned integer of the same size as `v`.
+ */
+#define _bt_cast_value_to_unsigned(v)                                  \
+       (sizeof(v) == sizeof(uint8_t) ? (uint8_t) (v) :                 \
+       sizeof(v) == sizeof(uint16_t) ? (uint16_t) (v) :                \
+       sizeof(v) == sizeof(uint32_t) ? (uint32_t) (v) :                \
+       sizeof(v) == sizeof(uint64_t) ? (uint64_t) (v) :                \
+       _BT_BUILD_ASSERT(sizeof(v) <= sizeof(uint64_t)))
+
+/*
+ * Cast value `v` to an unsigned integer type of the size of type `type`
+ * *without* sign-extension.
+ *
+ * The unsigned cast ensures that we're not shifting a negative value,
+ * which is undefined in C. However, this limits the maximum type size
+ * of `type` to 64-bit. Generate a compile-time error if the size of
+ * `type` is larger than 64-bit.
+ */
+#define _bt_cast_value_to_unsigned_type(type, v)                       \
+       (sizeof(type) == sizeof(uint8_t) ?                              \
+               (uint8_t) _bt_cast_value_to_unsigned(v) :               \
+       sizeof(type) == sizeof(uint16_t) ?                              \
+               (uint16_t) _bt_cast_value_to_unsigned(v) :              \
+       sizeof(type) == sizeof(uint32_t) ?                              \
+               (uint32_t) _bt_cast_value_to_unsigned(v) :              \
+       sizeof(type) == sizeof(uint64_t) ?                              \
+               (uint64_t) _bt_cast_value_to_unsigned(v) :              \
+       _BT_BUILD_ASSERT(sizeof(v) <= sizeof(uint64_t)))
+
+/*
+ * _bt_fill_mask evaluates to a "type" integer with all bits set.
+ */
+#define _bt_fill_mask(type)    ((type) ~(type) 0)
+
 /*
- * BabelTrace
+ * Left shift a value `v` of `shift` bits.
+ *
+ * The type of `v` can be signed or unsigned integer.
+ * The value of `shift` must be less than the size of `v` (in bits),
+ * otherwise the behavior is undefined.
+ * Evaluates to the result of the shift operation.
+ *
+ * According to the C99 standard, left shift of a left hand-side signed
+ * type is undefined if it has a negative value or if the result cannot
+ * be represented in the result type. This bitfield header discards the
+ * bits that are left-shifted beyond the result type representation,
+ * which is the behavior of an unsigned type left shift operation.
+ * Therefore, always perform left shift on an unsigned type.
  *
- * Bitfields read/write functions.
+ * This macro should not be used if `shift` can be greater or equal than
+ * the bitwidth of `v`. See `_bt_safe_lshift`.
+ */
+#define _bt_lshift(v, shift)                                           \
+       ((__typeof__(v)) (_bt_cast_value_to_unsigned(v) << (shift)))
+
+/*
+ * Generate a mask of type `type` with the `length` least significant bits
+ * cleared, and the most significant bits set.
+ */
+#define _bt_make_mask_complement(type, length)                         \
+       _bt_lshift(_bt_fill_mask(type), length)
+
+/*
+ * Generate a mask of type `type` with the `length` least significant bits
+ * set, and the most significant bits cleared.
+ */
+#define _bt_make_mask(type, length)                                    \
+       ((type) ~_bt_make_mask_complement(type, length))
+
+/*
+ * Right shift a value `v` of `shift` bits.
  *
- * Copyright 2010 - Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
+ * The type of `v` can be signed or unsigned integer.
+ * The value of `shift` must be less than the size of `v` (in bits),
+ * otherwise the behavior is undefined.
+ * Evaluates to the result of the shift operation.
  *
- * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
- * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
- * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
- * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
- * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
- * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ * According to the C99 standard, right shift of a left hand-side signed
+ * type which has a negative value is implementation defined. This
+ * bitfield header relies on the right shift implementation carrying the
+ * sign bit. If the compiler implementation has a different behavior,
+ * emulate carrying the sign bit.
  *
- * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
- * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ * This macro should not be used if `shift` can be greater or equal than
+ * the bitwidth of `v`. See `_bt_safe_rshift`.
  */
+#if ((-1 >> 1) == -1)
+#define _bt_rshift(v, shift)   ((v) >> (shift))
+#else
+#define _bt_rshift(v, shift)                                           \
+       ((__typeof__(v)) ((_bt_cast_value_to_unsigned(v) >> (shift)) |  \
+               ((v) < 0 ? _bt_make_mask_complement(__typeof__(v),      \
+                       sizeof(v) * CHAR_BIT - (shift)) : 0)))
+#endif
 
-#include <stdint.h>    /* C99 5.2.4.2 Numerical limits */
-#include <limits.h>    /* C99 5.2.4.2 Numerical limits */
-#include <endian.h>    /* Non-standard BIG_ENDIAN, LITTLE_ENDIAN, BYTE_ORDER */
-#include <assert.h>
-
-/* We can't shift a int from 32 bit, >> 32 and << 32 on int is undefined */
-#define _bt_piecewise_rshift(_v, _shift)                               \
-({                                                                     \
-       typeof(_v) ___v = (_v);                                         \
-       typeof(_shift) ___shift = (_shift);                             \
-       unsigned long sb = (___shift) / (sizeof(___v) * CHAR_BIT - 1);  \
-       unsigned long final = (___shift) % (sizeof(___v) * CHAR_BIT - 1); \
-                                                                       \
-       for (; sb; sb--)                                                \
-               ___v >>= sizeof(___v) * CHAR_BIT - 1;                   \
-       ___v >>= final;                                                 \
-})
-
-#define _bt_piecewise_lshift(_v, _shift)                               \
-({                                                                     \
-       typeof(_v) ___v = (_v);                                         \
-       typeof(_shift) ___shift = (_shift);                             \
-       unsigned long sb = (___shift) / (sizeof(___v) * CHAR_BIT - 1);  \
-       unsigned long final = (___shift) % (sizeof(___v) * CHAR_BIT - 1); \
+/*
+ * Right shift a signed or unsigned integer with `shift` value being an
+ * arbitrary number of bits. `v` is modified by this macro. The shift
+ * is transformed into a sequence of `_nr_partial_shifts` consecutive
+ * shift operations, each of a number of bits smaller than the bitwidth
+ * of `v`, ending with a shift of the number of left over bits.
+ */
+#define _bt_safe_rshift(v, shift)                                      \
+do {                                                                   \
+       unsigned long _nr_partial_shifts = (shift) / (sizeof(v) * CHAR_BIT - 1); \
+       unsigned long _leftover_bits = (shift) % (sizeof(v) * CHAR_BIT - 1); \
                                                                        \
-       for (; sb; sb--)                                                \
-               ___v <<= sizeof(___v) * CHAR_BIT - 1;                   \
-       ___v <<= final;                                                 \
-})
-
-#define _bt_is_signed_type(type)       (((type)(-1)) < 0)
+       for (; _nr_partial_shifts; _nr_partial_shifts--)                \
+               (v) = _bt_rshift(v, sizeof(v) * CHAR_BIT - 1);          \
+       (v) = _bt_rshift(v, _leftover_bits);                            \
+} while (0)
 
-#define _bt_unsigned_cast(type, v)                                     \
-({                                                                     \
-       (sizeof(v) < sizeof(type)) ?                                    \
-               ((type) (v)) & (~(~(type) 0 << (sizeof(v) * CHAR_BIT))) : \
-               (type) (v);                                             \
-})
+/*
+ * Left shift a signed or unsigned integer with `shift` value being an
+ * arbitrary number of bits. `v` is modified by this macro. The shift
+ * is transformed into a sequence of `_nr_partial_shifts` consecutive
+ * shift operations, each of a number of bits smaller than the bitwidth
+ * of `v`, ending with a shift of the number of left over bits.
+ */
+#define _bt_safe_lshift(v, shift)                                      \
+do {                                                                   \
+       unsigned long _nr_partial_shifts = (shift) / (sizeof(v) * CHAR_BIT - 1); \
+       unsigned long _leftover_bits = (shift) % (sizeof(v) * CHAR_BIT - 1); \
+                                                                       \
+       for (; _nr_partial_shifts; _nr_partial_shifts--)                \
+               (v) = _bt_lshift(v, sizeof(v) * CHAR_BIT - 1);          \
+       (v) = _bt_lshift(v, _leftover_bits);                            \
+} while (0)
 
 /*
  * bt_bitfield_write - write integer to a bitfield in native endianness
  * Also, consecutive bitfields are placed from higher to lower bits.
  */
 
-#define _bt_bitfield_write_le(_ptr, type, _start, _length, _v)         \
+#define _bt_bitfield_write_le(ptr, type, start, length, v)             \
 do {                                                                   \
-       typeof(_v) __v = (_v);                                          \
-       type *__ptr = (void *) (_ptr);                                  \
-       unsigned long __start = (_start), __length = (_length);         \
-       type mask, cmask;                                               \
-       unsigned long ts = sizeof(type) * CHAR_BIT; /* type size */     \
-       unsigned long start_unit, end_unit, this_unit;                  \
-       unsigned long end, cshift; /* cshift is "complement shift" */   \
+       __typeof__(v) _v = (v);                                 \
+       type *_ptr = (void *) (ptr);                                    \
+       unsigned long _start = (start), _length = (length);             \
+       type _mask, _cmask;                                             \
+       unsigned long _ts = sizeof(type) * CHAR_BIT; /* type size */    \
+       unsigned long _start_unit, _end_unit, _this_unit;               \
+       unsigned long _end, _cshift; /* _cshift is "complement shift" */ \
                                                                        \
-       if (!__length)                                                  \
+       if (!_length)                                                   \
                break;                                                  \
                                                                        \
-       end = __start + __length;                                       \
-       start_unit = __start / ts;                                      \
-       end_unit = (end + (ts - 1)) / ts;                               \
+       _end = _start + _length;                                        \
+       _start_unit = _start / _ts;                                     \
+       _end_unit = (_end + (_ts - 1)) / _ts;                           \
                                                                        \
        /* Trim v high bits */                                          \
-       if (__length < sizeof(__v) * CHAR_BIT)                          \
-               __v &= ~((~(typeof(__v)) 0) << __length);               \
+       if (_length < sizeof(_v) * CHAR_BIT)                            \
+               _v &= _bt_make_mask(__typeof__(_v), _length);           \
                                                                        \
        /* We can now append v with a simple "or", shift it piece-wise */ \
-       this_unit = start_unit;                                         \
-       if (start_unit == end_unit - 1) {                               \
-               mask = ~((~(type) 0) << (__start % ts));                \
-               if (end % ts)                                           \
-                       mask |= (~(type) 0) << (end % ts);              \
-               cmask = (type) __v << (__start % ts);                   \
-               cmask &= ~mask;                                         \
-               __ptr[this_unit] &= mask;                               \
-               __ptr[this_unit] |= cmask;                              \
+       _this_unit = _start_unit;                                       \
+       if (_start_unit == _end_unit - 1) {                             \
+               _mask = _bt_make_mask(type, _start % _ts);              \
+               if (_end % _ts)                                         \
+                       _mask |= _bt_make_mask_complement(type, _end % _ts); \
+               _cmask = _bt_lshift((type) (_v), _start % _ts);         \
+               _cmask &= ~_mask;                                       \
+               _ptr[_this_unit] &= _mask;                              \
+               _ptr[_this_unit] |= _cmask;                             \
                break;                                                  \
        }                                                               \
-       if (__start % ts) {                                             \
-               cshift = __start % ts;                                  \
-               mask = ~((~(type) 0) << cshift);                        \
-               cmask = (type) __v << cshift;                           \
-               cmask &= ~mask;                                         \
-               __ptr[this_unit] &= mask;                               \
-               __ptr[this_unit] |= cmask;                              \
-               __v = _bt_piecewise_rshift(__v, ts - cshift);           \
-               __start += ts - cshift;                                 \
-               this_unit++;                                            \
+       if (_start % _ts) {                                             \
+               _cshift = _start % _ts;                                 \
+               _mask = _bt_make_mask(type, _cshift);                   \
+               _cmask = _bt_lshift((type) (_v), _cshift);              \
+               _cmask &= ~_mask;                                       \
+               _ptr[_this_unit] &= _mask;                              \
+               _ptr[_this_unit] |= _cmask;                             \
+               _bt_safe_rshift(_v, _ts - _cshift);                     \
+               _start += _ts - _cshift;                                \
+               _this_unit++;                                           \
        }                                                               \
-       for (; this_unit < end_unit - 1; this_unit++) {                 \
-               __ptr[this_unit] = (type) __v;                          \
-               __v = _bt_piecewise_rshift(__v, ts);                    \
-               __start += ts;                                          \
+       for (; _this_unit < _end_unit - 1; _this_unit++) {              \
+               _ptr[_this_unit] = (type) _v;                           \
+               _bt_safe_rshift(_v, _ts);                               \
+               _start += _ts;                                          \
        }                                                               \
-       if (end % ts) {                                                 \
-               mask = (~(type) 0) << (end % ts);                       \
-               cmask = (type) __v;                                     \
-               cmask &= ~mask;                                         \
-               __ptr[this_unit] &= mask;                               \
-               __ptr[this_unit] |= cmask;                              \
+       if (_end % _ts) {                                               \
+               _mask = _bt_make_mask_complement(type, _end % _ts);     \
+               _cmask = (type) _v;                                     \
+               _cmask &= ~_mask;                                       \
+               _ptr[_this_unit] &= _mask;                              \
+               _ptr[_this_unit] |= _cmask;                             \
        } else                                                          \
-               __ptr[this_unit] = (type) __v;                          \
+               _ptr[_this_unit] = (type) _v;                           \
 } while (0)
 
-#define _bt_bitfield_write_be(_ptr, type, _start, _length, _v)         \
+#define _bt_bitfield_write_be(ptr, type, start, length, v)             \
 do {                                                                   \
-       typeof(_v) __v = (_v);                                          \
-       type *__ptr = (void *) (_ptr);                                  \
-       unsigned long __start = (_start), __length = (_length);         \
-       type mask, cmask;                                               \
-       unsigned long ts = sizeof(type) * CHAR_BIT; /* type size */     \
-       unsigned long start_unit, end_unit, this_unit;                  \
-       unsigned long end, cshift; /* cshift is "complement shift" */   \
+       __typeof__(v) _v = (v);                                         \
+       type *_ptr = (void *) (ptr);                                    \
+       unsigned long _start = (start), _length = (length);             \
+       type _mask, _cmask;                                             \
+       unsigned long _ts = sizeof(type) * CHAR_BIT; /* type size */    \
+       unsigned long _start_unit, _end_unit, _this_unit;               \
+       unsigned long _end, _cshift; /* _cshift is "complement shift" */ \
                                                                        \
-       if (!__length)                                                  \
+       if (!_length)                                                   \
                break;                                                  \
                                                                        \
-       end = __start + __length;                                       \
-       start_unit = __start / ts;                                      \
-       end_unit = (end + (ts - 1)) / ts;                               \
+       _end = _start + _length;                                        \
+       _start_unit = _start / _ts;                                     \
+       _end_unit = (_end + (_ts - 1)) / _ts;                           \
                                                                        \
        /* Trim v high bits */                                          \
-       if (__length < sizeof(__v) * CHAR_BIT)                          \
-               __v &= ~((~(typeof(__v)) 0) << __length);               \
+       if (_length < sizeof(_v) * CHAR_BIT)                            \
+               _v &= _bt_make_mask(__typeof__(_v), _length);           \
                                                                        \
        /* We can now append v with a simple "or", shift it piece-wise */ \
-       this_unit = end_unit - 1;                                       \
-       if (start_unit == end_unit - 1) {                               \
-               mask = ~((~(type) 0) << ((ts - (end % ts)) % ts));      \
-               if (__start % ts)                                       \
-                       mask |= (~((type) 0)) << (ts - (__start % ts)); \
-               cmask = (type) __v << ((ts - (end % ts)) % ts);         \
-               cmask &= ~mask;                                         \
-               __ptr[this_unit] &= mask;                               \
-               __ptr[this_unit] |= cmask;                              \
+       _this_unit = _end_unit - 1;                                     \
+       if (_start_unit == _end_unit - 1) {                             \
+               _mask = _bt_make_mask(type, (_ts - (_end % _ts)) % _ts); \
+               if (_start % _ts)                                       \
+                       _mask |= _bt_make_mask_complement(type, _ts - (_start % _ts)); \
+               _cmask = _bt_lshift((type) (_v), (_ts - (_end % _ts)) % _ts); \
+               _cmask &= ~_mask;                                       \
+               _ptr[_this_unit] &= _mask;                              \
+               _ptr[_this_unit] |= _cmask;                             \
                break;                                                  \
        }                                                               \
-       if (end % ts) {                                                 \
-               cshift = end % ts;                                      \
-               mask = ~((~(type) 0) << (ts - cshift));                 \
-               cmask = (type) __v << (ts - cshift);                    \
-               cmask &= ~mask;                                         \
-               __ptr[this_unit] &= mask;                               \
-               __ptr[this_unit] |= cmask;                              \
-               __v = _bt_piecewise_rshift(__v, cshift);                \
-               end -= cshift;                                          \
-               this_unit--;                                            \
+       if (_end % _ts) {                                               \
+               _cshift = _end % _ts;                                   \
+               _mask = _bt_make_mask(type, _ts - _cshift);             \
+               _cmask = _bt_lshift((type) (_v), _ts - _cshift);        \
+               _cmask &= ~_mask;                                       \
+               _ptr[_this_unit] &= _mask;                              \
+               _ptr[_this_unit] |= _cmask;                             \
+               _bt_safe_rshift(_v, _cshift);                           \
+               _end -= _cshift;                                        \
+               _this_unit--;                                           \
        }                                                               \
-       for (; (long) this_unit >= (long) start_unit + 1; this_unit--) { \
-               __ptr[this_unit] = (type) __v;                          \
-               __v = _bt_piecewise_rshift(__v, ts);                    \
-               end -= ts;                                              \
+       for (; (long) _this_unit >= (long) _start_unit + 1; _this_unit--) { \
+               _ptr[_this_unit] = (type) _v;                           \
+               _bt_safe_rshift(_v, _ts);                               \
+               _end -= _ts;                                            \
        }                                                               \
-       if (__start % ts) {                                             \
-               mask = (~(type) 0) << (ts - (__start % ts));            \
-               cmask = (type) __v;                                     \
-               cmask &= ~mask;                                         \
-               __ptr[this_unit] &= mask;                               \
-               __ptr[this_unit] |= cmask;                              \
+       if (_start % _ts) {                                             \
+               _mask = _bt_make_mask_complement(type, _ts - (_start % _ts)); \
+               _cmask = (type) _v;                                     \
+               _cmask &= ~_mask;                                       \
+               _ptr[_this_unit] &= _mask;                              \
+               _ptr[_this_unit] |= _cmask;                             \
        } else                                                          \
-               __ptr[this_unit] = (type) __v;                          \
+               _ptr[_this_unit] = (type) _v;                           \
 } while (0)
 
 /*
@@ -202,25 +335,25 @@ do {                                                                      \
 
 #if (BYTE_ORDER == LITTLE_ENDIAN)
 
-#define bt_bitfield_write(ptr, type, _start, _length, _v)              \
-       _bt_bitfield_write_le(ptr, type, _start, _length, _v)
+#define bt_bitfield_write(ptr, type, start, length, v)                 \
+       _bt_bitfield_write_le(ptr, type, start, length, v)
+
+#define bt_bitfield_write_le(ptr, type, start, length, v)              \
+       _bt_bitfield_write_le(ptr, type, start, length, v)
 
-#define bt_bitfield_write_le(ptr, type, _start, _length, _v)           \
-       _bt_bitfield_write_le(ptr, type, _start, _length, _v)
-       
-#define bt_bitfield_write_be(ptr, type, _start, _length, _v)           \
-       _bt_bitfield_write_be(ptr, unsigned char, _start, _length, _v)
+#define bt_bitfield_write_be(ptr, type, start, length, v)              \
+       _bt_bitfield_write_be(ptr, unsigned char, start, length, v)
 
 #elif (BYTE_ORDER == BIG_ENDIAN)
 
-#define bt_bitfield_write(ptr, type, _start, _length, _v)              \
-       _bt_bitfield_write_be(ptr, type, _start, _length, _v)
+#define bt_bitfield_write(ptr, type, start, length, v)                 \
+       _bt_bitfield_write_be(ptr, type, start, length, v)
 
-#define bt_bitfield_write_le(ptr, type, _start, _length, _v)           \
-       _bt_bitfield_write_le(ptr, unsigned char, _start, _length, _v)
-       
-#define bt_bitfield_write_be(ptr, type, _start, _length, _v)           \
-       _bt_bitfield_write_be(ptr, type, _start, _length, _v)
+#define bt_bitfield_write_le(ptr, type, start, length, v)              \
+       _bt_bitfield_write_le(ptr, unsigned char, start, length, v)
+
+#define bt_bitfield_write_be(ptr, type, start, length, v)              \
+       _bt_bitfield_write_be(ptr, type, start, length, v)
 
 #else /* (BYTE_ORDER == PDP_ENDIAN) */
 
@@ -228,138 +361,148 @@ do {                                                                    \
 
 #endif
 
-#define _bt_bitfield_read_le(_ptr, type, _start, _length, _vptr)       \
+#define _bt_bitfield_read_le(ptr, type, start, length, vptr)           \
 do {                                                                   \
-       typeof(*(_vptr)) *__vptr = (_vptr);                             \
-       typeof(*__vptr) __v;                                            \
-       type *__ptr = (void *) (_ptr);                                  \
-       unsigned long __start = (_start), __length = (_length);         \
-       type mask, cmask;                                               \
-       unsigned long ts = sizeof(type) * CHAR_BIT; /* type size */     \
-       unsigned long start_unit, end_unit, this_unit;                  \
-       unsigned long end, cshift; /* cshift is "complement shift" */   \
+       __typeof__(*(vptr)) *_vptr = (vptr);                            \
+       __typeof__(*_vptr) _v;                                          \
+       type *_ptr = (type *) (ptr);                                    \
+       unsigned long _start = (start), _length = (length);             \
+       type _mask, _cmask;                                             \
+       unsigned long _ts = sizeof(type) * CHAR_BIT; /* type size */    \
+       unsigned long _start_unit, _end_unit, _this_unit;               \
+       unsigned long _end, _cshift; /* _cshift is "complement shift" */ \
+       bool _is_signed_type;                                           \
                                                                        \
-       if (!__length) {                                                \
-               *__vptr = 0;                                            \
+       if (!_length) {                                                 \
+               *_vptr = 0;                                             \
                break;                                                  \
        }                                                               \
                                                                        \
-       end = __start + __length;                                       \
-       start_unit = __start / ts;                                      \
-       end_unit = (end + (ts - 1)) / ts;                               \
+       _end = _start + _length;                                        \
+       _start_unit = _start / _ts;                                     \
+       _end_unit = (_end + (_ts - 1)) / _ts;                           \
                                                                        \
-       this_unit = end_unit - 1;                                       \
-       if (_bt_is_signed_type(typeof(__v))                             \
-           && (__ptr[this_unit] & ((type) 1 << ((end % ts ? : ts) - 1)))) \
-               __v = ~(typeof(__v)) 0;                                 \
+       _this_unit = _end_unit - 1;                                     \
+       _BT_DIAG_PUSH                                                   \
+       _BT_DIAG_IGNORE_TYPE_LIMITS                                     \
+       _is_signed_type = _bt_is_signed_type(__typeof__(_v));           \
+       _BT_DIAG_POP                                                    \
+       if (_is_signed_type                                             \
+           && (_ptr[_this_unit] & _bt_lshift((type) 1, (_end % _ts ? _end % _ts : _ts) - 1))) \
+               _v = ~(__typeof__(_v)) 0;                               \
        else                                                            \
-               __v = 0;                                                \
-       if (start_unit == end_unit - 1) {                               \
-               cmask = __ptr[this_unit];                               \
-               cmask >>= (__start % ts);                               \
-               if ((end - __start) % ts) {                             \
-                       mask = ~((~(type) 0) << (end - __start));       \
-                       cmask &= mask;                                  \
+               _v = 0;                                                 \
+       if (_start_unit == _end_unit - 1) {                             \
+               _cmask = _ptr[_this_unit];                              \
+               _cmask = _bt_rshift(_cmask, _start % _ts);              \
+               if ((_end - _start) % _ts) {                            \
+                       _mask = _bt_make_mask(type, _end - _start);     \
+                       _cmask &= _mask;                                \
                }                                                       \
-               __v = _bt_piecewise_lshift(__v, end - __start);         \
-               __v |= _bt_unsigned_cast(typeof(__v), cmask);           \
-               *__vptr = __v;                                          \
+               _bt_safe_lshift(_v, _end - _start);                     \
+               _v |= _bt_cast_value_to_unsigned_type(__typeof__(_v), _cmask); \
+               *_vptr = _v;                                            \
                break;                                                  \
        }                                                               \
-       if (end % ts) {                                                 \
-               cshift = end % ts;                                      \
-               mask = ~((~(type) 0) << cshift);                        \
-               cmask = __ptr[this_unit];                               \
-               cmask &= mask;                                          \
-               __v = _bt_piecewise_lshift(__v, cshift);                \
-               __v |= _bt_unsigned_cast(typeof(__v), cmask);           \
-               end -= cshift;                                          \
-               this_unit--;                                            \
+       if (_end % _ts) {                                               \
+               _cshift = _end % _ts;                                   \
+               _mask = _bt_make_mask(type, _cshift);                   \
+               _cmask = _ptr[_this_unit];                              \
+               _cmask &= _mask;                                        \
+               _bt_safe_lshift(_v, _cshift);                           \
+               _v |= _bt_cast_value_to_unsigned_type(__typeof__(_v), _cmask); \
+               _end -= _cshift;                                        \
+               _this_unit--;                                           \
        }                                                               \
-       for (; (long) this_unit >= (long) start_unit + 1; this_unit--) { \
-               __v = _bt_piecewise_lshift(__v, ts);                    \
-               __v |= _bt_unsigned_cast(typeof(__v), __ptr[this_unit]);\
-               end -= ts;                                              \
+       for (; (long) _this_unit >= (long) _start_unit + 1; _this_unit--) { \
+               _bt_safe_lshift(_v, _ts);                               \
+               _v |= _bt_cast_value_to_unsigned_type(__typeof__(_v), _ptr[_this_unit]); \
+               _end -= _ts;                                            \
        }                                                               \
-       if (__start % ts) {                                             \
-               mask = ~((~(type) 0) << (ts - (__start % ts)));         \
-               cmask = __ptr[this_unit];                               \
-               cmask >>= (__start % ts);                               \
-               cmask &= mask;                                          \
-               __v = _bt_piecewise_lshift(__v, ts - (__start % ts));   \
-               __v |= _bt_unsigned_cast(typeof(__v), cmask);           \
+       if (_start % _ts) {                                             \
+               _mask = _bt_make_mask(type, _ts - (_start % _ts));      \
+               _cmask = _ptr[_this_unit];                              \
+               _cmask = _bt_rshift(_cmask, _start % _ts);              \
+               _cmask &= _mask;                                        \
+               _bt_safe_lshift(_v, _ts - (_start % _ts));              \
+               _v |= _bt_cast_value_to_unsigned_type(__typeof__(_v), _cmask); \
        } else {                                                        \
-               __v = _bt_piecewise_lshift(__v, ts);                    \
-               __v |= _bt_unsigned_cast(typeof(__v), __ptr[this_unit]);\
+               _bt_safe_lshift(_v, _ts);                               \
+               _v |= _bt_cast_value_to_unsigned_type(__typeof__(_v), _ptr[_this_unit]); \
        }                                                               \
-       *__vptr = __v;                                                  \
+       *_vptr = _v;                                                    \
 } while (0)
 
-#define _bt_bitfield_read_be(_ptr, type, _start, _length, _vptr)       \
+#define _bt_bitfield_read_be(ptr, type, start, length, vptr)           \
 do {                                                                   \
-       typeof(*(_vptr)) *__vptr = (_vptr);                             \
-       typeof(*__vptr) __v;                                            \
-       type *__ptr = (void *) (_ptr);                                  \
-       unsigned long __start = (_start), __length = (_length);         \
-       type mask, cmask;                                               \
-       unsigned long ts = sizeof(type) * CHAR_BIT; /* type size */     \
-       unsigned long start_unit, end_unit, this_unit;                  \
-       unsigned long end, cshift; /* cshift is "complement shift" */   \
+       __typeof__(*(vptr)) *_vptr = (vptr);                            \
+       __typeof__(*_vptr) _v;                                          \
+       type *_ptr = (void *) (ptr);                                    \
+       unsigned long _start = (start), _length = (length);             \
+       type _mask, _cmask;                                             \
+       unsigned long _ts = sizeof(type) * CHAR_BIT; /* type size */    \
+       unsigned long _start_unit, _end_unit, _this_unit;               \
+       unsigned long _end, _cshift; /* _cshift is "complement shift" */ \
+       bool _is_signed_type;                                           \
                                                                        \
-       if (!__length) {                                                \
-               *__vptr = 0;                                            \
+       if (!_length) {                                                 \
+               *_vptr = 0;                                             \
                break;                                                  \
        }                                                               \
                                                                        \
-       end = __start + __length;                                       \
-       start_unit = __start / ts;                                      \
-       end_unit = (end + (ts - 1)) / ts;                               \
+       _end = _start + _length;                                        \
+       _start_unit = _start / _ts;                                     \
+       _end_unit = (_end + (_ts - 1)) / _ts;                           \
                                                                        \
-       this_unit = start_unit;                                         \
-       if (_bt_is_signed_type(typeof(__v))                             \
-           && (__ptr[this_unit] & ((type) 1 << (ts - (__start % ts) - 1)))) \
-               __v = ~(typeof(__v)) 0;                                 \
+       _this_unit = _start_unit;                                       \
+       _BT_DIAG_PUSH                                                   \
+       _BT_DIAG_IGNORE_TYPE_LIMITS                                     \
+       _is_signed_type = _bt_is_signed_type(__typeof__(_v));           \
+       _BT_DIAG_POP                                                    \
+       if (_is_signed_type                                             \
+           && (_ptr[_this_unit] & _bt_lshift((type) 1, _ts - (_start % _ts) - 1))) \
+               _v = ~(__typeof__(_v)) 0;                               \
        else                                                            \
-               __v = 0;                                                \
-       if (start_unit == end_unit - 1) {                               \
-               cmask = __ptr[this_unit];                               \
-               cmask >>= (ts - (end % ts)) % ts;                       \
-               if ((end - __start) % ts) {                             \
-                       mask = ~((~(type) 0) << (end - __start));       \
-                       cmask &= mask;                                  \
+               _v = 0;                                                 \
+       if (_start_unit == _end_unit - 1) {                             \
+               _cmask = _ptr[_this_unit];                              \
+               _cmask = _bt_rshift(_cmask, (_ts - (_end % _ts)) % _ts); \
+               if ((_end - _start) % _ts) {                            \
+                       _mask = _bt_make_mask(type, _end - _start);     \
+                       _cmask &= _mask;                                \
                }                                                       \
-               __v = _bt_piecewise_lshift(__v, end - __start);         \
-               __v |= _bt_unsigned_cast(typeof(__v), cmask);           \
-               *__vptr = __v;                                          \
+               _bt_safe_lshift(_v, _end - _start);                     \
+               _v |= _bt_cast_value_to_unsigned_type(__typeof__(_v), _cmask); \
+               *_vptr = _v;                                            \
                break;                                                  \
        }                                                               \
-       if (__start % ts) {                                             \
-               cshift = __start % ts;                                  \
-               mask = ~((~(type) 0) << (ts - cshift));                 \
-               cmask = __ptr[this_unit];                               \
-               cmask &= mask;                                          \
-               __v = _bt_piecewise_lshift(__v, ts - cshift);           \
-               __v |= _bt_unsigned_cast(typeof(__v), cmask);           \
-               __start += ts - cshift;                                 \
-               this_unit++;                                            \
+       if (_start % _ts) {                                             \
+               _cshift = _start % _ts;                                 \
+               _mask = _bt_make_mask(type, _ts - _cshift);             \
+               _cmask = _ptr[_this_unit];                              \
+               _cmask &= _mask;                                        \
+               _bt_safe_lshift(_v, _ts - _cshift);                     \
+               _v |= _bt_cast_value_to_unsigned_type(__typeof__(_v), _cmask); \
+               _start += _ts - _cshift;                                \
+               _this_unit++;                                           \
        }                                                               \
-       for (; this_unit < end_unit - 1; this_unit++) {                 \
-               __v = _bt_piecewise_lshift(__v, ts);                    \
-               __v |= _bt_unsigned_cast(typeof(__v), __ptr[this_unit]);\
-               __start += ts;                                          \
+       for (; _this_unit < _end_unit - 1; _this_unit++) {              \
+               _bt_safe_lshift(_v, _ts);                               \
+               _v |= _bt_cast_value_to_unsigned_type(__typeof__(_v), _ptr[_this_unit]); \
+               _start += _ts;                                          \
        }                                                               \
-       if (end % ts) {                                                 \
-               mask = ~((~(type) 0) << (end % ts));                    \
-               cmask = __ptr[this_unit];                               \
-               cmask >>= ts - (end % ts);                              \
-               cmask &= mask;                                          \
-               __v = _bt_piecewise_lshift(__v, end % ts);              \
-               __v |= _bt_unsigned_cast(typeof(__v), cmask);           \
+       if (_end % _ts) {                                               \
+               _mask = _bt_make_mask(type, _end % _ts);                \
+               _cmask = _ptr[_this_unit];                              \
+               _cmask = _bt_rshift(_cmask, _ts - (_end % _ts));        \
+               _cmask &= _mask;                                        \
+               _bt_safe_lshift(_v, _end % _ts);                        \
+               _v |= _bt_cast_value_to_unsigned_type(__typeof__(_v), _cmask); \
        } else {                                                        \
-               __v = _bt_piecewise_lshift(__v, ts);                    \
-               __v |= _bt_unsigned_cast(typeof(__v), __ptr[this_unit]);\
+               _bt_safe_lshift(_v, _ts);                               \
+               _v |= _bt_cast_value_to_unsigned_type(__typeof__(_v), _ptr[_this_unit]); \
        }                                                               \
-       *__vptr = __v;                                                  \
+       *_vptr = _v;                                                    \
 } while (0)
 
 /*
@@ -370,25 +513,25 @@ do {                                                                      \
 
 #if (BYTE_ORDER == LITTLE_ENDIAN)
 
-#define bt_bitfield_read(_ptr, type, _start, _length, _vptr)           \
-       _bt_bitfield_read_le(_ptr, type, _start, _length, _vptr)
+#define bt_bitfield_read(ptr, type, start, length, vptr)               \
+       _bt_bitfield_read_le(ptr, type, start, length, vptr)
+
+#define bt_bitfield_read_le(ptr, type, start, length, vptr)            \
+       _bt_bitfield_read_le(ptr, type, start, length, vptr)
 
-#define bt_bitfield_read_le(_ptr, type, _start, _length, _vptr)                \
-       _bt_bitfield_read_le(_ptr, type, _start, _length, _vptr)
-       
-#define bt_bitfield_read_be(_ptr, type, _start, _length, _vptr)                \
-       _bt_bitfield_read_be(_ptr, unsigned char, _start, _length, _vptr)
+#define bt_bitfield_read_be(ptr, type, start, length, vptr)            \
+       _bt_bitfield_read_be(ptr, unsigned char, start, length, vptr)
 
 #elif (BYTE_ORDER == BIG_ENDIAN)
 
-#define bt_bitfield_read(_ptr, type, _start, _length, _vptr)           \
-       _bt_bitfield_read_be(_ptr, type, _start, _length, _vptr)
+#define bt_bitfield_read(ptr, type, start, length, vptr)               \
+       _bt_bitfield_read_be(ptr, type, start, length, vptr)
+
+#define bt_bitfield_read_le(ptr, type, start, length, vptr)            \
+       _bt_bitfield_read_le(ptr, unsigned char, start, length, vptr)
 
-#define bt_bitfield_read_le(_ptr, type, _start, _length, _vptr)                \
-       _bt_bitfield_read_le(_ptr, unsigned char, _start, _length, _vptr)
-       
-#define bt_bitfield_read_be(_ptr, type, _start, _length, _vptr)                \
-       _bt_bitfield_read_be(_ptr, type, _start, _length, _vptr)
+#define bt_bitfield_read_be(ptr, type, start, length, vptr)            \
+       _bt_bitfield_read_be(ptr, type, start, length, vptr)
 
 #else /* (BYTE_ORDER == PDP_ENDIAN) */
 
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